From the centuries-old temples in Kyoto to the vibrant streets of Tokyo, the snow-capped peak of Mount Fuji to the coral reefs of Okinawa, Japan is where the 21st century meets ancient traditions, an island in the Pacific that stuns with breathtaking scenery. There’s something in Japan for every type of traveler, budget, and interest, which can also make planning a trip to the island a little overwhelming. One quintessential activity to add to your itinerary is a visit to a Japanese Onsen, and today I wanted to share a few to visit to make planning that much easier.
The word Onsen, is a Japanese term used to describe the naturally occurring hot springs where mineral-rich geothermal water from the country’s volcanic activity has either gathered naturally into pools or been channeled into man-made spas. These Onsens are found all over the country, from the northern island of Hokkaido with its snowy landscapes to the subtropical islands of Okinawa. Each hot spring has a unique mineral composition and is known to provide therapeutic and medicinal benefits, such as relieving muscle pain, improving circulation, or soothing skin ailments.
Japan’s hot spring culture is deeply rooted in history and tradition, and is more than just a place to unwind; they are a testament to Japan’s reverence for nature and centuries-old customs. For those looking to experience this quintessential aspect of Japanese life, here are some of the top historical onsens where tradition meets relaxation.
Traveling between these onsens is made convenient by Japan’s efficient train network. For instance, the Osaka to Kyoto train provides easy access to Arima Onsen, while the bullet trains from Tokyo to Hakone ensure a swift and comfortable journey.
Beppu Onsen, Oita Prefecture
Located on the southern island of Kyushu, Beppu is one of Japan’s most famous onsen resorts, boasting the highest number of hot spring sources and the largest volume of hot spring water in the country. Beppu has been a renowned hot spring destination since the 8th century. The region is divided into eight main hot spring areas, collectively known as “Beppu Hatto.” Each area provides a distinct bathing experience, ranging from mud baths and steam baths to sand baths. The Beppu Jigoku (hells) is particularly famous, featuring hot spring sources that are more for viewing than bathing due to their extreme temperatures and unique colors.
Arima Onsen, Hyogo Prefecture
Arima Onsen, located just a short trip from Kyoto and Osaka, is one of Japan’s oldest and most famous hot spring resorts, with a history stretching back over 1,000 years. The onsen is famous for its “gold” (kinsen) and “silver” (ginsen) waters. The kinsen is rich in iron and salt, giving it a reddish-brown color, while the ginsen contains radium and carbonate, making it clear. These unique mineral compositions are believed to offer various health benefits. Arima Onsen’s proximity to major cities makes it a common stop on Japan tours.
Dogo Onsen, Ehime Prefecture
Dogo Onsen, situated in Matsuyama on the island of Shikoku, is considered one of Japan’s oldest and most prestigious hot springs, with a history spanning over 1,000 years. The main attraction here is the Dogo Onsen Honkan, a beautifully preserved wooden bathhouse that has been designated an Important Cultural Property. This bathhouse is said to have inspired the bathhouse in Studio Ghibli’s “Spirited Away.” The Honkan offers a range of baths, including the Tama no Yu and Kami no Yu, which have been enjoyed by emperors and literary figures alike.
Kinosaki Onsen, Hyogo Prefecture
Nestled along the coast of the Sea of Japan, Kinosaki Onsen is a charming hot spring town that has retained its traditional atmosphere. The town’s onsen history dates back over 1,300 years. Visitors can stroll through the picturesque streets in yukata (traditional bathrobes) and geta (wooden clogs), hopping between the seven public bathhouses that line the willow-lined canals. Each bathhouse has unique features, from outdoor baths overlooking the Maruyama River to cave-like interiors. The tranquil environment and historical significance of Kinosaki Onsen make it a must-visit destination for any onsen enthusiast.
Hakone Onsen, Kanagawa Prefecture
Hakone, located near Tokyo, is a popular hot spring destination set against the backdrop of Mount Fuji. The area has been a favorite retreat for centuries, offering a range of onsen experiences from traditional ryokan (inns) to modern resorts. Hakone’s history as a hot spring destination dates back to the Nara period (710-794). Today, visitors can enjoy a variety of baths, including those with stunning views of Mount Fuji and the surrounding nature. Hakone’s accessibility from the capital and its scenic beauty makes it a perfect getaway for both locals and tourists.
Noboribetsu Onsen, Hokkaido
Situated on the northern island of Hokkaido, Noboribetsu Onsen is known for its dramatic volcanic landscape and high-quality hot spring waters. The onsen’s history is rooted in Ainu (indigenous people of Japan) culture, and the area has been a renowned hot spring destination since the Edo period (1603-1868). The hot springs here offer a variety of mineral compositions, including sulfur, salt, and iron, each providing different health benefits. Jigokudani, or “Hell Valley,” is a spectacular volcanic crater that feeds many of the local hot springs, creating an otherworldly landscape of steaming vents and bubbling pools.
Shuzenji Onsen, Shizuoka Prefecture
Situated in the Izu Peninsula, Shuzenji Onsen is a historic hot spring town with origins tracing back to the Heian period (794-1185). The onsen was founded by the famous Buddhist monk Kobo Daishi, and the town is named after the Shuzenji Temple, which he also established. The town’s peaceful atmosphere, lush bamboo forests, and traditional ryokan culture make it an ideal destination for a romantic getaway. The waters of Shuzenji Onsen are known for their clarity and mild temperature, making them perfect for a relaxing soak.
Yufuin Onsen, Oita Prefecture
Yufuin Onsen, also in Oita Prefecture, is a laid-back and peaceful resort town tucked away in the mountains. Yufuin’s history as a hot spring destination dates back to the Edo period, and today it is known for its luxurious ryokan and high-quality onsen water. The stunning natural scenery is not the only thing this town boasts: you can find a vibrant arts scene, with numerous galleries, boutiques, and cafes. The nearby Mount Yufu provides a picturesque backdrop, especially during sunrise and sunset.
Ready for a dip?
Japan’s historical onsens offer a perfect escape from the hustle and bustle of modern life. It’s a way to connect with Japanese people, enjoy the country’s natural beauty, and experience a sense of community and relaxation deeply embedded in the Japanese way of life. Whether you’re exploring the serene baths of Kinosaki Onsen, enjoying the historic charm of Dogo Onsen, or marveling at the volcanic landscape of Noboribetsu Onsen, each destination provides a distinct experience steeped in tradition.
Whether you’re looking to refresh your skin, improve circulation, or simply relax, a visit to a Japanese onsen is guaranteed will leave you feeling rejuvenated.
So, the next time you plan a trip to Japan, don’t forget to explore the many beautiful onsens around Tokyo — your mind and body will thank you!
